Origin is the "economic nationality" of a product. That is where it was obtained or manufactured, rather than from where it was shipped. The country of origin of goods is a factor in determining the amount of duty payable, alongside the commodity code and value of the goods. Some countries have reduced duty rates as laid out in trade agreements – called preferential rules of origin.
In many trade deals a Rules of Origin certificate is required to qualify for favourable treatment. It is the exporter’s responsibility to obtain this. A certificate is often issued by a Chamber of Commerce for a price but, in some agreements, self-certification is permitted.
Read our comprehensive guide to rules of origin article with lots more information, important actions businesses need to take and links to further support.
Article reviewed by the InterTradeIreland Trade Hub Team: October 2025